{"id":6876,"date":"2026-04-01T13:04:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T13:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/portfolio\/felix-sally\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T13:04:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T13:04:43","slug":"felix-sally","status":"publish","type":"us_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/portfolio\/felix-sally\/","title":{"rendered":"Felix Sally"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"us_portfolio_category":[45],"class_list":["post-6876","us_portfolio","type-us_portfolio","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","us_portfolio_category-new-template"],"acf":{"naam_van_het_proefschift":"Le statut juridique du Port autonome d\u2019Abidjan","samenvatting":"Er is geen Nederlandse samenvatting beschikbaar. De Engelse samenvatting vind je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/portfolio\/felix-sally\/\">hier<\/a>.","summary":"The Autonomous Port of Abidjan (AAP) is located on the Atlantic coast of Africa. Its geographic position places it in stiff competition with the multitude of ports that dot this region. This situation raises the question whether the legal status of the AAP allows it to overcome this stiff competition and position it as the first port of this region of Africa. The answer to this question calls for an analysis of the legal status of the AAP. Overall, it should be noted that the AAP is governed by various legal texts. These were first defined by the Governor General of French West Africa (FWA), then by the national authorities of the Republic of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. During this first phase, the legal texts consisted of a general decree of the Governor of the FWA, which will be replaced by other legal texts which successively transformed the Port of Abidjan into a public establishment (in 1960), a public establishment industrial and commercial (in 1970) and a state-owned company (in 1992). The latter legal nature will be confirmed in 2001 by means of a decree reclassifying AAP assets.\n\nThis first phase was followed by a new wave of legal texts following the respective advent of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the Organization for the Harmonization in Africa of Business Law (OHADA). The competent bodies of these two regional integration institutions (RII) have drawn up legal texts which apply, in certain aspects, to the functioning of the PAA. In the case of WAEMU, the community standards consist of the 1994 Constitutive Treaty, Additional Acts or Protocols to the treaty, directives, regulations, and the jurisprudence of the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA). In the case of OHADA, the standards applying to the AAP are Uniform Acts adopted by the Council of Ministers of the said RII. All of these national or community legal standards constitute the legal status of the AAP.\n\nAs weaknesses, it could be said that the dual nature of the legal status of the AAP sometimes results in conflicts resulting from the concomitant application of the two categories of standards mentioned above. There is precisely a conflict relating to the submission of the AAP, an exclusively state-owned state corporation, to OHADA commercial standards. In doing so, the AAP becomes a commercial company in the same way as other private individuals. This situation results in a difference of appreciation between the commercial judge and the administrative judge. The latter continues to prevail, despite the formal supremacy of Community law over national law, an exorbitant regime drawn from administrative law. This position of the administrative judge virtualizes the supremacy formally conferred on Community law over national law.\n\nAnother noticeable weakness in the functioning of the AAP is the propensity of the AAP to use imperative or even comminatory rules with regard to its users. This is reflected in the very precarious (and therefore very uncomfortable) situation of AAP concessionaires. The increased precariousness of private occupations in the port public domain dissuades, in certain respects, national or African users from making significant investments in the port public domain. It is a different story for transnational corporations, which enjoy more enviable stability.\n\nNevertheless, the two sets of problems mentioned above require solutions that would allow the PAA to enhance its competitiveness. The first solution, in the short term, is for the AAP to stabilize the situation of the private occupants of the port public domain who comply with the legislation in force. To do this, it is necessary for the AAP to minimize its propensity to use the unilateral and authoritarian approach, in favor of a participatory and consensual approach. Consequently, the AAP could usefully privilege public-private partnership contracts and admit, where appropriate, the possibility for private occupants of the port public domain to constitute a commercial property. These two adjustments would help encourage national or African users, in the same way as transnational companies, to invest more substantially in the public port domain.\n\nThe second solution, in the medium or long term, is to overcome the conflicts resulting from the concomitant application of national law and Community law. To this end, it is important to divide the port into two distinct entities: one will be a public administrative establishment (PAE) which will be responsible for regulating the situation of AAP users; the other will take the form of a semi-public company with the mission of operating mainly the container terminals. The first entity, the PAE, will continue to benefit from an exorbitant public law regime; it will therefore be excluded from the application of the commercial rules defined by OHADA. The second entity, with mixed capital, will be subject to OHADA trade rules having regard to the nature of its activities which, undeniably, are of an industrial and commercial nature.\n\nThe implementation of these various proposals will, it is hoped, help to enhance the competitiveness of the AAP to make it the benchmark port so much desired by the Ivorian authorities.\n\nVALORISATION ADDENDUM\n\nNotre th\u00e8se a d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 sur certains r\u00e9sultats. La pr\u00e9sente valorisation de nos travaux est n\u00e9cessaire pour saisir de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9cise et concise les applications des points de droit abord\u00e9s dans lesdits travaux. Cette pr\u00e9sentation empruntera un double mouvement : d\u2019une part, la pr\u00e9sentation des r\u00e9sultats de la th\u00e8se (I) et, d\u2019autre part, les modalit\u00e9s de la mise en \u0153uvre de ces r\u00e9sultats (II).\n\nI. Pr\u00e9sentation des r\u00e9sultats de la th\u00e8se\nL\u2019\u00e9tude du statut juridique du PAA a permis de saisir la diversit\u00e9 de celui-ci. Ce statut se d\u00e9cline en lois, ordonnance, r\u00e8glements nationaux, actes unilat\u00e9raux communautaires, sans oublier la jurisprudence nationale et communautaire. Dans l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du PAA et des usagers, ce statut diversifi\u00e9 ne devrait pas \u00eatre r\u00e9serv\u00e9 \u00e0 un cercle restreint de personnes. Il devrait faire l\u2019objet de la plus large diffusion possible.\nOn note, sur certaines mati\u00e8res, une concurrence entre l\u00e9gislation nationale et l\u00e9gislation communautaire avec un risque de conflit entre ces deux sources de droit. Il est vrai que le droit communautaire jouit, formellement, de la primaut\u00e9 sur la l\u00e9gislation nationale. Cependant, cette primaut\u00e9 appara\u00eet plus virtuelle que r\u00e9elle au regard de certaines d\u00e9cisions de justice 436.\nIl est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019adapter la l\u00e9gislation relative aux concessions portuaires pour tenir compte de l\u2019\u00e9volution des montages concessifs qui privil\u00e9gient, de plus en plus, le partenariat public-priv\u00e9. Cette difficult\u00e9 est en voie de r\u00e9solution avec l\u2019adoption de deux textes juridiques majeurs : le d\u00e9cret n\u00b02012-1151 du 19 d\u00e9cembre 2012 relatif aux contrats de partenariats public-priv\u00e9 puis, du d\u00e9cret n\u00b02018-358 du 29 mars 2018 d\u00e9terminant les r\u00e8gles relatives aux contrats de partenariat public-priv\u00e9 ; l\u2019ordonnance n\u00b02016-588 du 03 novembre 2016 portant titres d\u2019occupation du domaine public.\nLe rehaussement des performances de l\u2019Administration portuaire requiert, entre autres, une refonte du PAA par la dissociation des missions de prescription de celle d\u2019exploitation du domaine portuaire. Autrement, il faudrait dissocier les missions d\u2019autorit\u00e9 437 des missions de nature industrielle et commerciale 438.\nLa mise en \u0153uvre de ces r\u00e9sultats interviendra \u00e0 travers des modalit\u00e9s.\n\nII. Modalit\u00e9s de la valorisation des r\u00e9sultats de la th\u00e8se\nAfin de surmonter les difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9parpillement des textes juridiques relatifs au PAA, il est imp\u00e9rieux de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une codification \u00e0 droit constant. Celle-ci d\u00e9bouchera sur l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un Code portuaire qui regrouperait en un seul instrument juridique, l\u2019ensemble des textes juridiques nationaux et\/ou communautaires applicables au port d\u2019Abidjan.\nAssurer r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement la formation du personnel et des usagers du port d\u2019Abidjan, des \u00e9tudiants et des professionnels du droit sur le contenu des normes s\u2019appliquant audit port.\nMise \u00e0 niveau des magistrats ivoiriens pour leur permettre de saisir le contenu des normes communautaires applicables au PAA. Cela est n\u00e9cessaire afin d\u2019\u00e9viter les interpr\u00e9tations divergentes entre les juridictions d\u2019instance ou d\u2019appel, et la Chambre administrative de la Cour supr\u00eame ou toute autre juridiction \u00e9quivalente qui aurait tendance \u00e0 appliquer syst\u00e9matiquement le droit administratif aux contentieux dans lesquels le PAA est partie.\nDiffuser, aupr\u00e8s du personnel et des usagers du port d\u2019Abidjan, le contenu du d\u00e9cret pr\u00e9cit\u00e9 du 19 d\u00e9cembre 2012 relatifs aux contrats de partenariat public-priv\u00e9 puis, du d\u00e9cret n\u00b02018-358 du 29 mars 2018 d\u00e9terminant les r\u00e8gles relatives aux contrats de partenariat public-priv\u00e9 et, enfin, celui de l\u2019ordonnance du 03 ao\u00fbt 2016 sur le domaine public.\nEn s\u2019inspirant de l\u2019exemple du Maroc 439, cr\u00e9er deux entit\u00e9s juridiques distinctes qui se substitueront au PAA. La premi\u00e8re sera charg\u00e9e principalement des missions d\u2019autorit\u00e9. La seconde sera charg\u00e9e, concurremment avec des op\u00e9rateurs et des exploitants portuaires, des missions \u00e0 caract\u00e8re commercial.\n\n436 Exemple : les divergences d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation entre la Chambre administrative de la Cour supr\u00eame et les juridictions d\u2019instance et d\u2019appel sur le droit applicable au contentieux relatif aux concessions de voirie conclues par le PAA. Le premier opte pour l\u2019application du droit administratif, en vertu du d\u00e9cret-loi du 17 juin 1938, les seconds optent pour l\u2019application du droit commercial eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 la forme commerciale du PAA. Ceux-ci s\u2019appuient sur les dispositions pertinentes du droit de l\u2019OHADA.\n437 \u00c0 savoir la police de la conservation du domaine public portuaire, celle de la conservation de l\u2019outillage et celle de la r\u00e9glementation des escales de navire au port d\u2019Abidjan.\n438 \u00c0 savoir les prestations aupr\u00e8s des usagers du port d\u2019Abidjan, perception de redevances aupr\u00e8s des usagers (d\u00e9sormais renomm\u00e9s clients) utilisant l\u2019outillage du port d\u2019Abidjan.\n439 Dissociation institu\u00e9e au moyen d\u2019une loi. Cf. Loi n\u00b015-02 relative aux ports et portant cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Agence nationale des ports et de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019exploitation des ports, Bulletin officiel, n\u00b05378, 13 kaada 1426 (15-12-2005), pp.846-855. Cette loi, en son pr\u00e9ambule, cr\u00e9e l\u2019Agence nationale des ports et la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019exploitation des ports.","auteur":"Felix Sally","auteur_slug":"felix-sally","publicatiedatum":"26 mei 2020","taal":"EN","url_flipbook":"https:\/\/ebook.proefschriftmaken.nl\/ebook\/felixsally?iframe=true","url_download_pdf":"","url_epub":"","ordernummer":"FTP-202604011301","isbn":"","doi_nummer":"","naam_universiteit":"Universiteit Maastricht","afbeeldingen":6880,"naam_student:":"","binnenwerk":"","universiteit":"Universiteit Maastricht","cover":"","afwerking":"","cover_afwerking":"","design":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/us_portfolio\/6876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/us_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/us_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6876"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/us_portfolio\/6876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6877,"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/us_portfolio\/6876\/revisions\/6877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"us_portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.proefschriftmaken.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/us_portfolio_category?post=6876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}